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December 28, 2005

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caffen

哈哈!Dank, Dank
多謝多謝。果然是打錯。
留著錯誤吧。

ouf

挑個錯. 卡洛林王朝不是十七世紀, 而是七世紀.

pips

這是caffen的文章,不是pips的喔~

前一陣子看了這邊電台播放的關於聖誕老公公的紀錄片,也是提到尼可勞斯和可口可樂的紅衣公公之間的互補及競爭,很有趣。據說,穿主教白袍戴高帽的尼可勞斯有復甦的跡象,這幾年的聖誕巧克力,已經又出現他的身影了,不再是紅衣紅帽的天下了。對了,記憶中,那個畫出紅衣老公公的Thomas Nast是德裔美國人?

到現在12月六號在德國還是很重要的民間節日哩,這天沿街會有商店請人發糖果,學校餐廳也會特別送個巧克力意思意思。有些地區還保有惡魔及白衣主教的掃接遊行活動,高潮不是穿白衣的尼可勞斯主教,而是惡魔沿街搗亂,等白衣主教出來,搗亂也就結束啦。以前的大學還有尼可勞斯節慶,固定播放四零年代一部黑白老片, Feuerzangenbowle,好幾個大講堂輪流,整個晚上下來十幾二十場,場場爆滿。片子本身不怎樣,好玩的是大家都看熟了,片子中鬧鐘響的同時,場子內會有一堆鬧鐘跟著響,片子中化學實驗的爆炸場面,場子裡則是一起點起仙女棒。或者到了某句台詞,全場會同步吼出,接著爆笑成一團。

又想到,很多類似的民間節慶,都在納粹時期發揚光大。像是聖誕市集,原本當然也有,只是並不像今日這般浩大,到了納粹,將這類的活動賦予民族溯源的意義,場面就非比尋常了。

xuli

對不起, 剛剛那個名字 Thomas Nash 是Thomas Nast的誤植

xuli

因為Pips 這篇精采的文章, 激起了好奇心, 去查了一下大英百科全書, 看到的結果是, 這個紅衣白領的聖誕老公公是Harper's Weekly 的卡通畫家Thomas Nash 在 1863年創的, 但是一直以來就有很多Santa的版本, 直到 1931年, 可口可樂決定用Santa 的形象來促銷它的可樂, 選中這個版本, 從此聖誕老公公才被這個image 所攏斷

From Encylopedia Britannica:
http://new.search.eb.com/eb/article-9065569?query=santa%20claus&ct=eb
The Dutch are credited with transporting the legend of Saint Nicholas (Sinterklaas) to New Amsterdam (now New York City), along with the custom of giving gifts and sweets to children on his feast day, December 6. The current depiction of Santa Claus is based on images drawn by cartoonist Thomas Nast for Harper's Weekly beginning in 1863. Nast's Santa owed much to the description given in Clement Clarke Moore's 1822 poem A Visit from Saint Nicholas. The image was further defined by the popular Santa Claus advertisements created for the Coca-Cola Company from 1931 by illustrator Haddon Sundblum. Sundblum's Santa was a portly white-bearded gentlemen dressed in a red suit with a black belt and white-fur trim, black boots, and a soft red cap.

另有一個關於 urban legend的網站 http://www.snopes.com/cokelore/santa.asp:

Claim: The modern image of Santa Claus — a jolly figure in a red-and-white suit — was created by Coca-Cola.

Status: False.

In 1863, a caricaturist for Harper's Weekly named Thomas Nast began developing his own image of Santa. Nast gave his figure a "flowing set of whiskers" and dressed him "all in fur, from his head to his foot." Nast's 1866 montage entitled "Santa Claus and His Works" established Santa as a maker of toys; an 1869 book of the same name collected new Nast drawings with a poem by George P. Haddon Sundblom illustration Webster that identified the North Pole as Santa's home. Although Nast never settled on one size for his Santa figures (they ranged from elf-like to man-sized), his 1881 "Merry Old Santa Claus" drawing is quite close to the modern-day image.

The Santa Claus figure, although not yet standardized, was ubiquitous by the late 19th century. Santa was portrayed as both large and small; he was usually round but sometimes of normal or slight build; and he dressed in furs (like Belsnickle) or cloth suits of red, blue, green, or purple. A Boston printer named Louis Prang introduced the English custom of Christmas cards to America, and in 1885 he issued a card featuring a red-suited Santa. The chubby Santa with a red suit (like an "overweight superhero") began to replace the fur-dressed Belsnickle image and the multicolored Santas.

At the beginning of the 1930s, the burgeoning Coca-Cola company was still looking for ways to increase sales of their product during winter, then a slow time of year for the soft drink market. They turned to a talented commercial illustrator named Haddon Sundblom, who created a series of memorable drawings that associated the figure of a larger than life, red-and-white garbed Santa Claus with Coca-Cola. Coke's annual advertisements — featuring Sundblom-drawn Santas holding bottles of Coca-Cola, drinking Coca-Cola, receiving Coca-Cola as gifts, and especially enjoying Coca-Cola — became a perennial Christmastime feature which helped spur Coca-Cola sales throughout the winter (and produced the bonus effect of appealing quite strongly to children, an important segment of the soft drink market). The success of this advertising campaign has helped fuel the legend that Coca-Cola actually invented the image of the modern Santa Claus, decking him out in a red-and-white suit to promote the company colors — or that at the very least, Coca-Cola chose to promote the red-and-white version of Santa Claus over a variety of competing Santa figures in order to establish it as the accepted image of Santa Claus.

This legend is not true. Although some versions of the Santa Claus figure still had him attired in various colors of outfits past the beginning of the 20th century, the jolly, ruddy, sack-carrying Santa with a red suit and flowing white whiskers had become the standard image of Santa Claus by the 1920s, several years before Sundlom drew his first Santa illustration for Coca-Cola.


tucci

這篇好好玩啊。原來紅衣白鬍子的聖誕老公公是可口可樂公司發明的。幸好當時還沒有智慧財產法,不然今天的聖誕老公公身上就要有Coca Cola的字樣了。

聖誕老人Nikolaus的傳說我一直想知道,終於看到了,感謝感謝。

關於那個「米特拉斯」宗教(Mithras)的描述,我倒是有兩點疑問。

一個是:羅馬皇帝奧瑞良(Aurelianus)在274年真有把「米特拉斯」教定為國教嗎?還是只是把12月25日定為「太陽神」的生日?

另一個是:基督教與「米特拉斯」教之間真的有緊張的對抗關係嗎?因為這兩者在羅馬帝國境內相似性很高,同樣是東方來的外來宗教,又同樣是下階層人民如商販與士兵的信仰。憑印象來說,會不會是這兩者(也包括帝國境內為數眾多的外來異教)分別跟上層的羅馬國教(即Jupiter信仰)才有緊張與纏鬥的關係?

我不確定「米特拉斯教」在奧瑞良皇帝之前有沒有遭到迫害,不過這「米」教的聚會所大抵是在地下的,十分神秘。但是從另一面看,這隱密的行跡也有可能出於「米」教的密教色彩,而非躲避官方耳目。

不好意思問這麼細,算我自己問自己吧。

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